The world public is getting nowadays very serious warnings from biologist and meteorologist,which are claiming that a number of extincted herbal and animal species in this century ,is extremely large;it is increasing by geometrical progression,and together with visible climatic changes ,it leads to aggravating situation not just in specific regions but ,generally,in the whole globe.

There are a few individual and group reaction of human societies,such as Declaration of Man's Environment,from Stockholm(1972),then Brutland Report(‘'Our Common Future''-1987) and UN –Conference of Environment and Development ,in Rio de Janeiro.Intensity of these phenomena and very unfavourable prognosis for future ,are caused creating of new developmental aims in market economy;and important part of all is notion of ‘' sustainable development''.By this notion is meant: a determined level of directing and restricting in the sense of creating opportunities for development of future generations,then social justice for existing population and responsibility for reacting in the sense of prevention ,with decreasing of negative effects and with international cooperation.

All definitions of this notion of ‘'sustainable development'' are moving in the range of these two:

‘'The development, which enables satisfying of nowadays needs and it is one that not call into question opportunities for satisfying needs for future generations.''

‘'The process of change ,in which exploitation of resources,with good direction in investing,the orientation in technological progress and the institutional changes are harmonized,and increasing potentials for satisfying human needs and aspirations.''

The Declaration of Environment and Development that is adopted in Rio de Janeiro,1992 at the Conference of UN,promoted 27 principles,partly synthetized in three main directions,which have to help in defining and accomplishing in this field-study of influence on the environment ,the principle ‘' pollutioner is paying'',and prevention,and democracy in a sense of participating the public.A year before,International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) adopted Business Document for Sustainable Development.Regarding the great importance and universality of these principles they were presented in supplement,on the basis of draft standard JUS ISO 14004.

All of these phenomena and activities are reflection of disturbed harmony in nature,which part is a man,that began drawing out some irreversible resources,and some others are used excessively and irrationally.For centuries,man did not question about validity and universality of valuation system.It is created new'' bioethics'',as a new scientific discipline,that have for aims:the wisdom and new knowledge and ethics to the nature,because the future of humanity,nowadays ,depends from its wisdom,new knowledge,new ethical principles and new ethical relation to the nature.From that reason,all these undertakings and activities,that are decreasing chances for surviving of a man and all living things,are regarded as immoral and must be stopped.The ethics of a man cannot be separated from biology.

Management of Environment

The development and protection of environment is very complex,process of management.In this century of changes of scientific fields,the quality is one specific area that has changed quickly from the control of quality in industry –enterprises toward a new philosophy in management.The notion,quality,has more meanings,and is related to the value of products,of the process and services,as well as on value and efficiency in functioning.That is a result of technological progress,where aims and demands are more complex ,and all that has influence on environment and existence of a man.

The standards of plan ISO 9000,and especially JUS ISO 9004 are related to the ‘management of quality' and to the'elements of the system of value'(1991);They have a wide influence on the functioning of firms.In some points are given demands of society,and among of them one for preserving environment:''what is responsibility of the firm that has good system of quality''.The standards of plan ISO 14000 are completely agreeable with all aspects of ecological management.

The system of ecological management, according to the ISO14000,has for aim improvement of conditions of environment,at the level of society,and the improvement of firms through planning of demands,goals and programmes,and through forming and providing of functioning all the elements of the system.

The main systems of social values and aims,are revaluated on the national and international level,with creating parts for protection of environment in developmental progress.In our country,is adopted ‘Resolution for the Protection of the Environment',in 1993.Among the most important aims are:

-Creating a basis for forming philanthropic society.

-Providing conditions that effects from the notion of ‘'sustainable development'' and protection of environment,must be analysed and appreciated through planning of settlements and usage of land.

-Introducing gradually the principle of ‘'pollutioner pays''

-Preserving of ‘satisfying' ecological harmony in our country,and participating in the protection of biosphere.

Within the integral programme for protection of environment special attention must be given to the introducing economical elements in order of presenting more efficient system in distribution of resources.

New politics in the functioning of ‘sustainable development' can be accomplished by harmonized acting of many factors in one society.At the level of state ,representatives of ministry and state institutions,that are harmonizing all general conditions of development,including an ecological aspect.At the level of firms,with an implementation of these standards ,duties of firms are strengthening in agreement with standards of ISO14000.It should not be forgotten that all these activities must be harmonized not just with real problems,but with possibilities for its solving.Because the problems of this kind cannot be solved just formally.

Valuation of Environment as a Economical Welfare;

The question if the resources could be restored again,the Economy as science field can treat it as a economical welfare,especially in the case of environment,which is long-term condition for surviving humans.The problem is complicated by acting of pollutioners,because location,time and intensity of action have not to be coordinated with the influences on surrounding,and marginal contribution from specific resources of polluting is difficult for identification.

Supplement:'Principles adopted on the Conference of UN of Environment and Development,1992;

‘Business Document of Sustainable Development,of International Commerce Chamber ICC,1991;

(fragment from scientific work of Olga Cvetanovic,Traffic Institute,-CIP, Belgrade ;)

Technological Progress and Sustainable  Development;

‘The basis of the Economy'-(the book of Economy Faculty-Belgrade);

Computing era is becoming the most confident display of the level of the technological and economic progress.It provides a large production and strong development,but also brings a lot of difficulties at the same time:war conflicts,ecological pollution and it is a threat for the existence of humanity.From that reason,we are discussing,nowadays about the sustainable development.

Generally,technological progress increases economical development,but also brings many negative consequences such as, war devastation,losing of job,ecological pollution.So there is very important question:What kind of economical progress is desirable?The right answer on this question is:SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.It implies defining of such developmental notion, which will give answers on all these questions:for whom is that kind of progress,what kind of progress is it,and in which way it can be accomplished?The Sustainable Development should integrate past experience,nowadays practice and future vision.Only,development, that take care of future ,the progress that is in service of everyone ,is called the real development.So,the sustainable development regards progress of healthy way of living,then the protection of environment,and,in generally ,it regards a welfare of the society;and from all these reasons it is important for everyone.That is showing the next scheme:

Sustainable Development:

             Maintaining                   Sustainable Development                   Improving

Health Health

            Inducing

Improving                           Development    

From: „Enviromental Management Handbook“ IOS Press, Amsterdam, Lewis Publisher, Boca Raton , Florida , 1992.

Sustainability means searching of the new understanding of economy and technology,as views of human reasonable practice.It means creating of new vision, not just for economy and technology,but also for culture,politics,medicine,i.e.a new vision for the whole way of living and working.Sustainable development must be sustainable in many aspects:economical,ecological,social,cultural and political.

Economical sustainability means creating of such economical system which will have higher level of stability and efficiency,in order of forming additional values ,as the real sources for developing all the views and shapes of expenditure in specific society.

Social sustainability means avoiding of all possible tension or serious social conflicts in society.Cultural sustainability means preventing domination of one culture in relation to all others,in multi-cultural communities and on the level of whole humanity.

Political sustainability means providing human rights and democratic freedom as very important assumption for achieving all other aspects of sustainability.

So,for sustainable development,except developed science and technology,there is a need for other developmental items:the new approach to the system of human values,culture,ethics,morality,law....If technology neglects ecological effects,it becomes a part of social problems,and in that way it is not way through which it can be solved.In the wider context,sustainable development means harmony between expenditure of given resources and of ability of social systems to satisfy needs of present and future generations.That is preserving of capacities of the globe, in order of providing good quality of living, not just in the present ,but for all not yet born citizens i.e.for all future citizens.From that reason,sustainable development means preserving good conditions for qualitative progress,and not just as material assumption of surviving nowadays generation, but also future population.In that context,the sustainable development brings a new optimistic vision of global progress i.e. progress for everyone.Of course,the accent is on the new business strategy for enterprises ,as the main unit of economical and technological progress,which will accept more rigorous criteria not just economical, but also ecological one too.The State,education ,culture,citizens,media and many others are important participants in the process of social welfare.All of them have to contribute to the increasing of the ecological awareness of citizens.That process must be in the coordination with the process that is accomplishing by the market rules in which are included ecological criteria too.About this ,we have already discussed.According to all this:

'' Sustainable development is one which preserves us as biological species ,and,as cultural human beings,i.e.social human beings.''